Scientists use sound waves to deliver a new attack on deadly brain cancer
Scientists at the University of Virginia have developed a promising new strategy to fight glioblastoma, one of the deadliest and most difficult-to-treat forms of brain cancer. Their experimental approach combines focused ultrasound, tiny nanoparticles, and genetic molecules called microRNAs to attack multiple cancer-driving genes simultaneously.
Key points
- UVA researchers combined microRNAs, nanoparticles, focused ultrasound and microbubbles to cross the blood-brain barrier.
- The experimental treatment slowed tumor growth and extended survival in laboratory and animal models.
- Glioblastoma kills more than 13,000 people in the United States each year.
Scientists at the University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed an experimental strategy for treating glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. The approach, led by UVA's Roger Abounader, MD, PhD, uses tiny genetic molecules called microRNAs to interfere with several genes that drive the cancer's development and growth.
To get these molecules into the brain, the team combined specialized nanoparticles, focused ultrasound and microscopic bubbles. Together, the technologies temporarily cross the brain's protective barrier, which normally keeps many treatments from reaching brain tumors.
How the treatment works
The strategy relies on microRNAs, small pieces of genetic material that can suppress the activity of multiple problematic genes at once. By disrupting several genes that help glioblastoma grow and survive, the treatment could potentially slow or stop tumor growth.
Focused ultrasound guided by MRI directs sound waves precisely at the intended area. The ultrasound works with tiny microbubbles to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier, creating a brief window for nanoparticles carrying the microRNAs to enter the brain.
This new approach could help target numerous molecules that promote cancer growth, including those for which no drugs exist, at the same time to achieve better therapies
— Roger Abounader
Lab results and next steps
The researchers tested the approach in laboratory experiments and animal models of glioblastoma. The findings showed that the microRNA treatment slowed tumor growth and helped the animals survive longer.
The strategy remains experimental and will require additional research before it can be evaluated in human patients. Abounader said he hopes to translate the findings into future clinical trials for patients with glioblastoma and other brain tumors.
